Amniotic Membrane Treatment
Mild to moderate dry eye affecting the front of the eye can be easily managed with eye drops, lid hygiene, and tear nutrient therapy. However, more severely damaged or painful eyes require more advanced treatment such as the use of bandage contact lenses, Amniotic Membrane treatment or the use of Autologous Serum or Platelet Rich Plasma.
Damage to the cornea or conjunctiva can cause pain and blurry vision. When these structures are compromised, it’s crucial to restore them to their normal function as quickly as possible. Conditions requiring treatment may include keratitis, corneal scars, chemical burns, corneal defects, recurrent erosion syndrome, and severe dry eye syndrome.
This summary will cover what an amniotic membrane is, how it works, research into its effectiveness, and its safety in eye treatment.
What is an Amniotic Membrane?
Amniotic membranes used in optometry are derived from the lining of the womb, the amniotic sac, during planned caesarean births. These membranes possess healing properties that support a baby’s development in the womb, and these same properties can be harnessed to help repair the surface of the eye.
How Does an Amniotic Membrane Work?
Amniotic membranes reduce inflammation and accelerate healing, leading to less pain and scarring for the patient.
What Does the Research Say?
Amniotic membranes have been used in the USA for over 20 years. Research has shown they possess antimicrobial properties and can be implanted without risk of rejection, as they lack cell-fighting elements that could trigger an immune response.
Is It Safe?
Yes, it is safe. The membrane is harvested during an elective caesarean in sterile conditions, and donors are rigorously screened for transmissible diseases. After collection, the membrane is tested again and treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. There are two types used in optometry: cryopreserved (frozen), which may be secured with a ring that can cause some discomfort, and dehydrated membranes, which are vacuum-preserved and primarily used for wound coverage.
How Is the Procedure Done?
Dehydrated amniotic membranes come in dry packaging. Anaesthetic eye drops are applied, and the membrane is placed on the cornea, ensuring correct placement. Saline drops are added, followed by a bandage contact lens to protect the membrane and corneal surface. The membrane dissolves over about seven days, after which the contact lens is removed.